30-N-1 SCIENCE LAB
Basic Electronic Technology Training Lab
The new 30-In-One Basic Electronic Technology Training Lab was designed to meet the needs of science and electronic students for a meaningful and exciting introductory course. No previous Electronics knowledge is required and our science electronic lab will stimulate students minds by using easy-to-understand experiments to increase their knowledge. Science project ideas will come as they build the 30 experiments while working with integrated circuits, light emitting diodes LEDs, photo cells, semiconductors, etc.
What You Will Learn
30-N-1 Lab Roadmap
LESSON 1 BASIC ELECTRON THEORY
Matter. Elements. Atoms.
In Lesson 1 we dive into basic electron theory and how matter, elements and atoms work. Now that you know that Electronics is the part of physics that studies the movement of electrons, and that electric current is the movement of millions and millions of electrons, negative source to a positive source, you are ready to learn about electronic components.
LESSON 2 ELECTRONIC COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION
Batteries. Diodes. Switches. LED’s. Resistors. SCR’s and more
In this experiment you will learn the physical appearance, schematic symbol, and the basic function of the following electronic components.
LESSON 3 RESISTOR COLOR CODE
RESISTORS, RESISTANCE & OHMS.
The resistor color code is a method of indicating the resistance value in ohms and the tolerance range. It is not a secret code designed by sinister cryptographers to confuse and frustrate us. On the contrary, it was made as easy as possible to facilitate its wide usage. Anyone can learn it in just a few minutes, including you.
LESSON 4 THE SOLDERLESS CIRCUIT BOARD
Using and understanding the solderless circuit board
The Solderless Circuit Board is a device that allows you to assemble electronic circuits without use of solder. It makes for quick and easy construction and is thus ideal for experimentation.
30 FUN & EXCITING EXPERIMENTS
Learn by doing
PURPOSE: To observe the effect of a resistor controlling current flow.
PROCEDURE: Build the circuit shown in the pictorial diagram. Observe the brightness of the LED. Replace, one at a time, the following resistors for R1 (100 ohm resistor) and observe in each case the brightness of the LED. Resistors: 220 ohm, 1K. 6.8K
RESULTS: By performing this experiment you found at the brightness of the LED depends upon the value of the resistor in the circuit. The higher the resistance value, the less the brightness of the LED
PURPOSE: Chapter of how a potentiometer works as a variable resistor.
PROCEDURE: Build the circuit shown in the pictorial diagram. Adjust the potentiometer from one end to the other while observing the brightness of the LED.
RESULTS: By performing this experiment you found that by adjusting the potentiometer from one end to the other you can control the brightness of the LED.
PURPOSE: To observe how a photocell works as a light sensitive resistor.
PROCEDURE: Build the circuit shown in the pictorial diagram. Using your hand, partially cover the surface of the photocell to vary the intensity of light striking the photocell. Observe how this affects the brightness of the LED.
RESULTS: By performing this experiment, you found that the brightness of the LED depends upon the light striking the surface of the photocell. The more light striking the surface of the photocell, the brighter LED.
PURPOSE: To observe the effect of a capacitor storing electrical energy.
PROCEDURE: Build the circuit shown in the pictorial diagram. Connect the battery to the battery snap. After 10 seconds, disconnect the battery and observe the LED.
RESULTS: By performing this experiment you found that after disconnecting the battery from the circuit, the LED continues to be eliminated for a while. The light decreases until it completely turns off. After the battery was disconnected from the circuit the LED got the energy from the capacitor.
PURPOSE: To observe how a speaker transforms electrical energy (current flowing through it) into sound waves.
PROCEDURE: Build the circuit shown in pictorial diagram. Touch the wire connected to the speaker to the resistor, as shown in the pictorial diagram. As you do this, observe the direction of the movement of the speaker cone. Repeat this step if necessary. Reverse the polarity of the battery wires connected to the solderless circuit board (connect the red wire in the place of the black wire and the black wire in place of the red wire). Again observe the movement of the speaker cone.
RESULTS: By performing this experiment you have learned the following : Every time you touch the speaker wire to the resistor, the cone moves and produces sound. At step 2 of the procedure, the cone moves from the normal position away from the magnet. At step 3 of the procedure, the cone moves from the normal position towards a magnet.
PURPOSE: To observe how a diode allows current to flow through it in One Direction only. Build a useful diode checker.
PROCEDURE: Built the circuit shown in the pictorial diagram. Touch that anode of the diode point A and its cathode on point C. The LED will turn on, indicating a current is flowing through the diode. Touch the cathode of the diode on point A and it's anode on point C. No current will flow through the diode and the LED will remain off.
RESULTS: By performing this experiment, you have found that the diode worked as a one-way gate in that it allows current to flow through it in one direction only. Also, if steps 2 and 3 of the procedure can be completed successfully, You can conclude that the diode under test is okay.
PURPOSE: To observe how an SCR works. Build a useful SCR checker.
PROCEDURE: Build the circuit shown in the pictorial diagram. Touch, briefly, the wire from the 1K resistor to the gate of the SCR. The LED should turn on and remain on, indicating that the current is flowing through the circuit. Disconnect the battery briefly and connect it again. The LED will turn off when the battery is disconnected, and remain off after it is reconnected.
RESULTS: By performing this experiment you have found that the SCR conduct (LED on) when a positive voltage is applied to its gate. Also, you found at the SCR continues conducting even if the positive voltage has been removed from its gate. You learned that the only way to turn the SCR off is by removing the positive voltage from is anode by disconnecting the battery. Also, if steps 2 and 3 of the procedure can be completed successfully, you can conclude that the SCR is okay.
PURPOSE: To observe how an NPN Transistor works as a current amplifier by controlling a large current (collector current) with a small current a (Base Current). Build a useful NPN Transistor Checker.
PROCEDURE: Build the circuit shown in the pictorial diagram. Press the pushbutton and observe and compare the brightness of the Base LED (LED1) and the Collector LED (LED2).
RESULTS: When you press the pushbutton, both LEDs turn on. When you release the pushbutton, both LEDs turn off. When the pushbutton is pressed, the LED connected to the Collector is brighter than the one connected to the Base.
PURPOSE: To observe how a PNP transistor works as a current amplifier by controlling a large current (Collector current) with a small current a (Base current). To build a useful PNP transistor checker.
PROCEDURE: Build the circuit shown in the pictorial diagram. Press the pushbutton and observe and compare the brightness of the base LED(LED1) and the Collector LED (LED2).
RESULTS: When you press the push button, both LEDs turn on. When you release the pushbutton, both LEDs turn off. When the pushbutton is pressed, the Collector LED is brighter than the Base LED.
PURPOSE: To build a simple two transistor audio oscillator. You learn about transistorized oscillator circuits.
PROCEDURE: Build the circuit shown in the pictorial diagram. When you connect the battery, an audio tone should be heard from the speaker.
RESULTS: By performing this experiment you have found that the two transistor audio oscillator generate a constant audio tone.
PURPOSE: To build a useful LED blinking light. To learn about the IC timer (555).
PROCEDURE: Build the circuit shown in the pictorial diagram and observe the blinking of the LED. Replace a 10 uF capacitor (C1) by a 100 uF capacitor and observe the blinking of the LED.
RESULTS: By performing this experiment you have found that by using the 555 timer as a clock, you can build a device that is able to turn on and off an LED.
PURPOSE: In this experiment you will learn how to build a burglar alarm.
PURPOSE: In this experiment you will learn how to build and test an automatic night light.
PURPOSE: In this experiment, you will construct a useful DC to DC adjustable power supply, which, when connected to a 9-volt battery, provides an adjustable output voltage between 0 and 9 volts.
PURPOSE: In this project you will build an electronic metronome which allows you to adjust the tempo by rotating the control.
PURPOSE: With this project you can generate the sound of a motorcycle starting and speeding up.
PURPOSE: The railroad lights project alternately flashes a pair of LED’s at a rate of about two blinks per second, producing the same effect as railroad signals.
PURPOSE: The variable speed lights alternately flashes a pair of LEDs at a rate that can be adjusted through a potentiometer, producing an interesting light display.
PURPOSE: The audible continuity tester provides a convenient way to check for open circuits, broken wires, bad connections or to test light bulbs or fuses.
PURPOSE: As its name says, this project generates an audio signal (an electrical signal that is able to be heard through a speaker) of adjustable pitch (tone).
PURPOSE: It produces a siren sound of rising and falling pitch.
PURPOSE: To create a wake-up alarm that generates a loud sound only when light hits its photocell.
PURPOSE: Create a simple timer that would involve momentarily pressing the button to turn on a light for a minute or so.
PURPOSE: The moisture detector is it practical device that can be used to test the moisture in the Earth around a plant, to be sure that it has the necessary water.
PURPOSE: In this project you will build a Code Practice Oscillator that you can use to learn and practice the Morse Code.
PURPOSE: This useful project may be used to monitor water containers, such as a bathtub, sink, swimming pool, etc, during filling, to avoid overflow.
PURPOSE: This amazing project will generate the typical sound of the two-tone siren used by the British police.
PURPOSE: To create an electronic canary sound. This amazing electronic Canary does not consume any food, just a few electrons, and sings like a real one.
PURPOSE: The space machine is a fun project that generates the sound of a phaser gun, like those produced in space arcade games. It also produces a light effect which follows the firing.
PURPOSE: This ultrasonic pest repeller has proven that certain frequencies of ultrasonic sounds (sound not perceived by humans) irritate certain kinds of bugs like roaches, cricket, etc, causing them to flee.